Why have newspaper sales declined?

The newspaper industry is rapidly declining due to the fast-rising interest in other forms of media such as social media, film, and television. Even though there has been a decline in print news circulation, the rise in online technologies and accessibility has enabled newspapers to expand their publishing platforms; this is widely seen with online newspaper websites and apps that you can download to get the latest updates in news. By having this easy access, it allows for a wider and larger audience to look at the news, meaning even though most people aren't buying paper copies, the companies aren't losing lot's of money, especially the companies who ask the viewers to subscribe and sponsor them such as The Guardian and The Times. This social platform is vital in keeping the news alive as newspapers are dying out quickly and soon won't be around.

Citizen journalism, participatory media, relationships with audiences have changed as more of the younger generation are interested in celebrity gossip, extremist groups, and other things. As a result of this, more and more broadsheets and tabloids are writing to appeal to the younger generation as they are the future of the world so by for them it means newspapers are less likely to go out of style, or completely extinct. Whereas if the broadsheets and tabloids wrote mainly for the older generation, the news would die out extremely fast as the younger generation wouldn't be interested. However, there are newspapers that appeal to the older generation such as the Daily Mail who's main target audience is 35+ as it mainly supports Brexit, British institutions, environmental campaigns, and humanitarians, most of which don't interest the younger generation. As tabloids become more popular, the target audience seems to be changing to mainly suit C1, C2, and D.

Using the internet as your newspaper source is positive. This is because by having this accessibility, it gives the reader a chance to comment their opinion on the subject matter and they can also share the news to other people so that it becomes a global matter, not just one located within a small community. It is more practical for people and can provide live updates when need be. Most of the online newspapers are free with a few having a small paywall such as the Daily Telegraph and The Times. However, with positives come negatives, some negatives of using the internet for your newspaper is that you need the internet connection in order to access the live updates, add comments and share. From using the internet, you can get long-term eyestrain and it is also harder for the older generation to access the news making it harder for them to find out what's going on in the world.

Most recent studies suggest that The Daily Mail had an overall decrease of 55% of printed papers during the start of the 21st century from the 1960s. Since then, online newspapers were first published and have clearly been shown through recent years to be enjoyed and used worldwide. This is evident by looking at online surveys and the data taken from them for example, since 2000 55% of the public has said that they prefer to read the news online or on the app.

Newspaper industry questions

1. In the executive summary, paragraph 4 the overview identifies that: 'today's aggregate advertising expenditure and net circulation figures equate to about half of their 2007 value.' Bullet point why you think this is the case.

• The main reason the net circulation figures has about halved is because people are now mostly advertised online and so they don't feel the need to advertise in newspapers.

2. On page 7, the market structure is analysed using data provided by the ABC. Who are the ABC and why is their data collection so important for newspaper owners and advertisers?

• The ABC is Audit Bureau of Circulations. Their data collection is important for newspaper owners and advertisers because form the ABCs data collection they can find what they should and shouldn't put into their newspapers in order to get the best out of their papers.

3. On page 17, paragraph 2.14 the overview identifies the circulation figures of Sunday newspapers. Thinking about your set products and audience consumption, why do you think Sunday newspapers have traditionally sold more copies that their daily counter types.

• During the week, most people are at work  and don't have time to sit and read a newspaper whereas on a Sunday, a lot of people aren't at work and therefore have time to go out, buy a newspaper and sit and read it. Meaning they will sell more.

4. What are the leading broadsheet, tabloid and mid-market tabloids in term of circulation? What are their daily circulation figures?

• Leading broadsheet - The Guardian - 135,330
• Leading tabloid - The Sun - 1,404,972
• Leading mid-market tabloid - The Daily Mail - 1,228,002

5. Think about The Guardian and the Daily Mail - describe their position in the market place.

• The Guardian is the top selling broadsheet, on average they have 800,000 readers supporting them both financially and publicly. The Guardian is owned by Scott Trust Limited.
• The Daily Mail is the top selling Mid-Market Tabloid, on average its website has more than 100 million unique visitors every month. It was founded by Harold and Alfred Harmsworth.

 6. The Guardian is 'owned by the Scott Trust, a private company whose core purpose is 'to ensure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian.' How can this be linked with the news values of the newspaper?

• The Guardian states that their values are 'honesty, cleanness, courage, fairness, a sense of duty to the reader and the community.' They use as much CUPPTUNE in their articles as they can in order to appeal to all of their audience and so they can get as much information included as possible.

7. In terms of digital distribution, what do you think has been more  important to the brand identity of national newspapers, the online website or App mobile platforms? why/how?

• I think that the online website has been more important to the brand identity as more people spend time on the internet searching things up, and are more likely to come across adverts and pop ups leading them to the website not the app, also some people may not realize that the certain newspaper company own an app so therefore use the website instead, also saving storage on their mobiles.

8. A lack of 'trust' in newspapers is identified. Why do you think this is?

• We no longer trust the media because they are controlled by and filled with the work of blatant ideologues. Most newspapers support one-side and will slam anything they don't agree with, they say they are fair but it is clear they are not, meaning people lose trust in what they say.

9. Who is the offline and online regulator of the newspaper industry and how effective do you think they are in 'policing' the industry.

• The Independent Press Standards Organisations are the regulators for most of UK newspapers. They hold newspapers accountable for any of their actions, protect individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and maintain freedom of expression for the press. They make sure that member newspapers follow the editors code and make sure they don't break it.

10. How are platforms like Buzzfeed, Vice Media and The Huffington Post seen as a challenge to traditional newspaper industry online platforms?

• Platforms such as Buzzfeed, The Huffington Post and Vice Media appeal to the younger generation as they base their articles around what young people want to read about. The younger generation are the future and, they aren't really interested in reading traditional newspapers they are interested in fun and relatable articles.

Newspaper Homework

Comparison of two online newspapers

Mid-Market Tabloids

Mid-Market Tabloids:

• Daily Mail (Cerif font - Gives you values of tradition e.g. Britain, Royal Family)
• Daily Express

Mid-market tabloids combines bot aspects of tabloids and broadsheets.

If there is a big event, a mid-market tabloid will sometimes make that news story a full page spread. i.e Trumps election, Brexit, Terrorist attacks.

4 types of printed newspapers:

1. Tabloids
2. Broadsheets
3. Mid-market tabloids
4. Local newspaper

Subjective - Opinion (Tabloids)

Objective - Factual (Broadsheets)

Soft news:

• Celebrity Gossip
• Sport
• Weather

Hard news:

• Politics 
• Business and economy
• Health

Advantages and Disadvantages of online newspapers

Advantages -

• Live updates
• More practical
• Favor what you want to see
• Free (paywalls - Daily telegraph and The Times)
• Contact papers quickly
• Comments on news - Audience participation
• Easy to share
• More interactive

Disadvantages - 

• You need internet
• Constantly updating 
• Less accessible to the older generation 
• More information in the paper
• Pop ups
• Long term eye strain
• Technical errors

Media - Newspaper, online, social and participatory media

Exam: An in depth study of online (guardian, daily mail), social (twitter, facebook, instagram) and participatory.

An in depth study of offline, print newspaper.

2 hour exam, worth 45 marks

three ten mark questions, one fifteen mark question.

• newspaper came about in the 17th century
• 20th century newspaper was the primary source of media.
• newspapers do not have to be impartial
• they have a regulating body - IPSO ( Largley self regulating)
• Levson inquiry 2011
• Newspaper industry is in decline.

Popular newspaper (reptops, tabloids)

Sun

Mirror

Star

Mid Market newspaper

Mail

Evening standard

metro

express

Quality newspaper

Telegraph

Guardian 

observer

times

independent

FT

 

Article News Language

	Daily Mail	The Guardian
Who was involved?	The wife, The husband, the two twins, Neighbours	The wife, the husband and the two twins
What happened?	A man has been held over a suspected hammer attack on twin toddlers that killed one and left the other fighting for life.	A 33 year old man was arrested last night in connection with the killing of one-year-old boy in an incident in Finsbury Park, north London
Where did it happen?	Property in Hackney, north London	Finsbury Park, north London
When did it happen?	Police were called at 11:10pm	Police were called at 11:10pm
How did it happen?	Doesn’t say	Doesn’t say
Why did it happen?	Husband thought the kids weren’t his.	Doesn’t say
What do you notice about the difference in content and how the articles convey this information?	Gives a brief over view of what, why, where and when with some other detail. Clear to read and find	Includes what, where, who, and when with more information included. Doesn’t include why.
Why do you think that is? ^^^	Tabloid, most of the page is taken up by the headline and picture.	Broadsheet uses one small main picture so that there is more room for the information and also a broadsheet is a lot more formal so needs to incorporate more information.

Boyz n da Hood

Mise en Scene -
C - The main character is displayed in rather formal clothing, contrasting with the other children who are dressed in quite rough and tumble, typical children's wear, clothing.
L - Natural lighting is used in the "children walking to school scene" as it's daylight and clear skies. In the school scene, three point lighting is used for a natural look.
A - The main actors in the clip are all children in primary school with the exception of their teacher.
M - No makeup is used on the children as that wouldn't have been needed in that time era, however, the teacher may be wearing natural looking makeup as she is older.
P - A key and significant prop shown in the clip is the poster of the current president as it is seen with multiple bullet holes in it, clearly showing the viewer that the people living in the neighbourhood are clearly unhappy with choice in power.
S - A normal street to begin with that then cuts to a rough area lined with police tape. The scene then transitions into an ordinary school.

Sound -
M - N/a
C - Contrapuntal
D - Diegetic
O - Both off screen and on screen moments
V - No voice over used.
E - There are many moments when the emotion of the music changes. E.g. In the beginning, there is stressful dialogue about violence whereas in the class room it is more chilled out and relaxed.
D - There is dialogue throughout the entire clip where the actors go from discussing violence, to having a normal conversation and then transitioning back to violence.

Genre -
D - The short clip opens with off screen dialogue about guns and violence and suddenly transitions to children walking to school.
S - Rough neighbourhood, not typical for children.
T - The main theme is violence.
I - The main props used are the police tape covering the poster of the president with bullet holes in it and also the graphic children's drawings of death and violence.
N - N/a
C - Young children, a teacher, and Tre's mother.
T - N/a

Ghost Ship

Genre -
D - Large curly pink writing, suggesting the film is a romantic, juxtaposes the genre of the film which is actually horror.
S - A large cruise ship in the middle of the ocean around the 1960s.
T - Murder and violence due to all the death but also there could be aspects of loneliness with the girl sat on her own and also love because of all the people dancing with each other.
I - The wire is scene as the significant prop as that is what drives the film into the next scenes.
N - Open ballroom on a cruise.
C - People of all ages but focusing on a little girl of about 11 or 12.

Camera -

• Birds eye - creates an importance of the deck.
• Framing of the girl - centre of film.

Sound - 

M - bandstand, music of that era.

C - Contrapuntal

D - Diegetic

O - Off screen and on screen.

V - No voice over

E - Relaxing but turns to a false sense of security

D - small dialogue at the end spoken in Spanish.

Editing - 

S - The singer is the main focus along with the little girl using panoramic and birds eye shots to display them both and also the main frame of the boat.
T - Smooth transitions to reflect the precision used to execute the horrific evening and how smoothly it had to go in order to work.
O - Chronological order.
P - Slow pace to create a tranquil setting in order to trick the viewer into a false sense of security.
S - There is constant music playing whether it be diegetic or non diegetic to keep it interesting.

Mise en Scene -
C - Formal wear (dinner jackets, suits) to match the formal occasion.
L - Unsaturated, Three point lighting used in some areas.
A - 20s and above with the exception of the lone little girl.
M - Natural makeup so it doesn't distract the viewer form everything else that is already happening.
P -  Significant use of flowers to juxtapose the tragedy that is about to occur. The flowers could also resemble flowers used in a funeral.

Emaze work

By using Emaze, I used CLAMPS to evaluate different pictures.

Camera Shots

Genre

DISTINCT -

D - Describe (in detail)

S - Setting (location, historical time period)

T - Theme (love, guilt, revenge, good vs evil)

I - Icon (significant props e.g. weapon)

N - Narrative (plot)

C - Character (boy/girl)

T - Textual analysis (style of camera, editing, mise en scene, and sound)

• Genre: Historical
• S - Infront of a blank wall, laying and kneeling on grass. the plain backdrop/background helps to capture the focal point of the picture.
• T - The theme represented could be guilt or sadness as we see a soldier kneeling over a fallen comrade.
• I - The significant prop used were helmets that resemble those of WW2 to represent the historical time period.
• N - Soldiers in WW2.
• C - Two young men, ordinary background/upbringing.
• T - One shot, no editing needed, simple mise en scene, no sound.

• Genre: Musical
• S - In front of a bank wall, sitting on the grass. The plain background doesn't distract from the focal point of the photo.
• T - The theme represented could be companionship as we see two young men working together to be successful musicians.
• I - The significant props used where the trumpet and guitar as they represent both the genre and the theme.
• C - Two young men, rough background/upbringing.
• T - One shot, no editing needed, simple mise en scene, no sound.